Category: Fly Fishing Basics

Fly Fishing Gear – Fly Reels

Fly Reel Drags:
If you are catching big fish, the drag quickly becomes the single most important part of
the fly reel. The drag should be as smooth and even as possible. It should serve to tire
the fish and at the same time prevent the tippet from breaking.

Disc drags have pads that apply pressure to the reel spool. They are by far the best type
drags to have. Wider range drag adjustments are possible with the disc drag because
the drag can be adjusted in smaller or finer increments than with most other types of
drags. Single click type drag systems do not handle these requirements well.

Palm type drags allow you to apply pressure to the spool of the reel, thereby increasing
the tension applied to the line during the fight of a fish. Single click-pawl type drags, even
those on reels equipped with palming spools, are adequate for smaller fish caught on
medium to heavy tippets, but larger fish or even smaller fish taken on ultra light tippets,
demand a better, more reliable drag system.

Fly Reel Materials:  

Most fly reels are made from either aluminum or graphite. Graphite reels are usually the
most economical and are lightweight and corrosion proof. Aluminum reels can be made
from cast aluminum or machined aluminum.

Machine finishing gives fly reels tight tolerances and superior smoothness and are more
desirable than reels made from stamped aluminum parts. Anodized finishes are available
on some reels that help protect the reel against harsh conditions. The finish of the
aluminum reel should not scratch or nick easily. Some reels have ball bearings, usually
made of stainless steel, which can be a factor in making the reel operate smoothly.

Although there are several types of disc drag systems and most of them, use drag
washers that are made from cork. Cork is simple, efficient and inexpensive. Plastics and
composites, such as Teflon, are also used for the drag washers.

In many anglers mind’s, the fly reel should be a thing of beauty. There are many different
designs that give one the opportunity to choose a reel that best suits them. It gets down
to style in the eyes of many anglers. They prefer certain finishes not only for durability
but also for its beauty.

Copyright James Marsh 2012

Fly Reels Purpose:
The main purpose of the fly reel is to retrieve and store the fly line and backing. Except
for small fish, which can be fought by retrieving the line by hand, the reel’s drag serves
the most important function.

Storing the fly line and backing and retrieving the line and, sometimes fish, requires a
reel that should be as light, weight and simple as possible. As you should already know,
unlike most other reels, it serves no purpose during the cast.  

Types of Fly Reels:

The single action fly reel turns the spool one time with each turn of the handle. This
means that the size or diameter of the reel’s spool determines how much line is retrieved
per turn of the spool.

Large arbor reels take up line faster, reduce the amount of line memory and is a factor
in the efficiency of the drag. Some reels are called “large arbor” reels when the diameter
of the spool is increased little beyond that of the standard fly reel spool. Only the width of
the spool is increased. These reels may hold more line and backing, but the amount of
line retrieved per turn of the reel handle is only affected by the increase in spool
diameter.

In addition to the standard single action fly reel, there are “multi-action” reels that are
capable of retrieving more than one spool of line per turn of the handle. This feature is
unnecessary, however, except where they may be considered a feasible option for
fighting very large fast moving fish.

Most fly reel have interchangeable spools, whereas they can easily be converted from
right to left hand retrieves or vica versa, Most right handed anglers, for example, choose
to retrieve line with their left hand and cast with their right, although this is strictly a
personal choice.  

Most fly reels have optional spare spools that can be filled with other types of fly line.
This makes it economical and convenient to change spools without either having to swap
the reel or to change to another outfit in order to fish a different type of line.  

Some fly reels have “clickers” that somewhat add to the spool tension or drag which
make a clicking noise when line is being stripped from the reel. This is a totally optional
thing. Some anglers prefer the clicking sound of a fish taking drag and others do not like
it. Most of these type clickers can be turned on and off, of course.

Most freshwater fly reels are direct drive reels, that is when the line goes out, the spool
and the crank handle rotate together. There are “anti-reverse” reels that do not directly
connect the handle and the spool. As line is stripped from the spool, the reel handle does
not turn. It is only engaged when you are retrieving line. The advantage is that less parts
move when drag is being taken or line stripped from the spool and you may not crush a
knuckle by the fast turning handle. Unless you are catching extremely large fast fish, this
feature, in our opinion, is not worth the inconvenience of the extra weight the additional
parts add. Even so, some anglers prefer the direct drive reel.

Copyright James Marsh 2013

When you first pick up a Perfect Fly rod  we think you will really be pleased with what
we think is one of the most important aspects of a fly rod. – its feel.


The Perfect Fly Rod Feel
It doesn’t matter how you try to describe a fly rod, it’s the “feel” of the fly rod that most
anglers like or dislike. We think our”Perfect Fly” rods will have a perfect feeling to you if you
give one an opportunity to perform for you.

If you have been using a slow flexing fly rod for a long time, the first time you pick it up and
shake a Perfect Fly rod, it will feel very light to you for sure, but at first, it may feel a little on
the stiff side to you. That feeling won’t last long. Once you have cast the rod a few times, it
will begin to feel great.

If you’ve been casting a medium or medium fast action fly rod, its flex will probably feel close
to the same. It will probably just appear lighter due to it very high graphite modulus and its
overall light weight.

None of our fly rods are “stiff” fast action rods that feels like a pool cue stick. They flex well
but mostly in the upper part of the rod. That’s what gives the rods their incredible line speed,
tight loops and accuracy.  You don’t want to try to force the rod to do anything. You want to
let the rod do the work for you.

When you are making very short cast up close, you simply shorten the stroke. It will continue
to be easy to cast. You will also find it makes roll, reach and curve cast as well or better than
any rod you have used.

Copyright James Marsh 2013

Copyright 2018 James Marsh

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A LIghter Fly Rod is Better – Are You Sure?

When all other things are equal, lighter fly rods are probably better. The big question
becomes whether or not everything else is equal.

When manufacturers reduce the weight of a fly rod, they either use material that is lighter in
weight, or they reduce the physical size of the material being used. In the first case, various
types of lighter weight materials have been used in an effort to reduce the weight. Some
manufacturers have gone to fiberglass handles, lighter guide material, and almost all of the
manufacturers have used higher modulus graphite. When it comes to reducing the physical
size of the components, manufacturers have cut down on the size of the handle, use cutout
sections of the rod seat inserts instead solid material, used smaller guides, and make many
other modifications to lower the weight of the rod.

During the last few years, higher and higher modulus graphite has been used to make the
rods more sensitive, lighter and more efficient. Generally, the higher the modulus of the
fibers, the lighter the blank is for any given stiffness; however, there’s a general trade off for
this that must be addressed in the manufacturing process. Higher modulus rods take less
abuse and are easier to break than the heavier rods. Higher modulus graphite has enabled
manufacturers to make lighter rods primarily because they can make the blanks with thinner
walls. The exact manufacturing process becomes very important. The thinner walls must be
made strong to withstand the rigors of normal use. Different resins, additives, and
manufacturing processes add strength and greatly affect the overall value of high modulus
rods.  

The modulus numbers can also be confusing and deceiving. Some manufacturers have
taken advantage of this with their marketing. Our “Superb Five” fly rod blanks are made from
high modulus graphite but it’s the process used to manufacturer the blank that makes them
light, strong and more importantly, provides their superb performance.

Another big question is just how much benefit does an angler really get from a fraction
of an ounce reduction in weight?

Some manufacturers have grossly overvalued the importance of very slight differences in the
weights of fly rods. It sounds like a big difference when a company claims it has reduced the
weight of its fly rods by one-forth. What’s the overall benefit of a fraction of an ounce in
weight reduction? If the rod is light enough, there’s very little benefit, if any. If the weight
reduction affects the performance or durability of the rod to any appreciable extent, the
disadvantages of the light weight are greater than the advantages. Because of this, we do
not intend to pay the lightweight marketing game that some of the manufacturers are playing.
Our fly rods are very light and within a fraction of an ounce of the lightest. Let’s look at the
overall benefit of a fraction of an ounce in the overall weight of the fly rod.

It’s nice to pick the rod up off the showroom floor without a fly reel on it and feel the very light
weight of a rod. Unfortunately, that isn’t the same feel your are going to get when your on the
stream and it’s completely rigged, ready to cast to a trout. Let’s look at what the real weight
tallies out to be.

5 Weight Fly Rod Weight: 3.13 ounces or .196 pounds
5 Weight Fly Reel Weight: 4.13 ounces or .258 pounds
Backing Line Weight:……………………………015 pounds
Fly Line Weight: 5 weight fly line………. …..060 pounds
Leader/Tippet Weight:…………………………..002
Fly Weight:………………………………………….N/A
Total Weight………………………………………..521 pounds or 8.34 ounces

These are dry weights. Water can easily add an ounce or two to the overall weight.

The question becomes, if the total weight of everything is only 8.34 ounces, what difference
does an eight of an ounce make? An ounce of weight would make very little difference. For
all practical purposes, an eight of an ounces doesn’t make any difference. If the minute
reduction in weight reduces the strength of the fly rod, is it worth it? So, if you are
buying a new fly rod to cut the weight down an eight of an ounce or even an ounce, you may
want to reconsider. Our Perfect Fly “Superb Five” is within a fraction of an ounce as
light as any fly rod of its size.

Copyright James Marsh 2013

Perfect Fly “Superb Five” Construction Quality

The Construction of the fly rod determines how efficiently it’s going to transfer the energy
from the arm of the person casting the rod to the fly. A fly rod that is constructed poorly
won’t transfer the energy efficiently. The tip of the rod often wobbles when the forward
stroke of the cast is completed. This wobbling tip of a rod causes the fly line to wobble, or
to unwind in a weak, inaccurate manner. This loss of energy also reduces the length and
the accuracy of the cast. The better the rod is constructed, the higher its efficiency in
transmitting energy. Highly efficient rods cast accurately at all distances.

Blank
The best fly rods are put together with great care but if you are to expect high quality,
premium performance, they should also be constructed using the best materials
available. Although the modulus of the fibers used isn’t everything, in general, the higher
the modulus of the graphite, the better the graphite. The graphite used in our “Perfect
Fly” Superb Five fly rod is high modulus carbon. This provides great strength at a
reduced weight. It also provides superior sensitivity.

The higher the modulus of the graphite, the lighter the rod for a given amount of
stiffness, but keep in mind it’s the exact methods used in the construction of the blank
that’s important. The amount of resin and additives used, and the exact process the
materials are combined in making the blank is critical. The lightness advantage is only
valuable if the rod is strong.

Recent research and development in the manner in which the materials in a fly rod blank
are put together has greatly improved the performance of graphite rods. The way a rod
forms a loop and the way the loop travels out for the rod is critically important in
obtaining distance and accuracy. Our fly rods transfers a great amount of energy with a
minimum amount of effort.

Reel Seat
The fly reel seat is REC’s Master Series Nickel Silver NSGX- DK (Diagonal Knurl) model.
The Uplocking design is REC’s top of the line reel seat. It has a skeleton barrel featuring
a trim band, decorative knurl butt cap, knurled nut, knurled slide band with fine trim lines,
and knurled fixed hood.

Reel Seat Spacer
The spacer is made of beautiful exotic stabilized Amboyna Burl wood. Amboyna is a  
marvelously luxurious burl from a tree commonly known as narra. It’s technically from the
Pterocarpus Indicus of the family Leguminosae. The wood varies in color from yellow to
golden brown but is mostly red. Each spacer is uniquely figured with numerous,
captivating swirls. It is the most expensive wood spacer offered by any of the fly reel seat
manufacturers.

Cork Handle
The REC cord fly rod handle has a western style grip and is constructed of high grade
“Flor” cork direct from Portugal. The “Flor” grade is the highest grade of cork.

Guides
The guides are REC’s Single foot RECOIL Guides, Black Pearl RSFXB Titanium guides.
RECOIL Guides are made from a special nickel titanium alloy with unique physical
properties. Regular rod guides are plated or use ceramic inserts to provide wear
resistance.  RECOIL guides are made from an extremely hard but flexible “Shape
Memory” alloy, which doesn’t require plating, cannot corrode in any environment, and
returns to its original shape after repeated deformations. The single foot guides help
reduce the overall weight of the fly rod because it reduces the epoxy wrapping to half of
that required for a double foot guide. The guides have three light coats of epoxy rather
than the typical factory single heavy coat. They are totally enclosed with the epoxy such
that water cannot get under the guides and such that all of the wrapping thread is
throughly covered and protected.

Striper guide:
The striper guides are Fuji’s new Concept Alconite guides, BLNAG – size 10j (10MM ring)
and size 12 (12MM ring)., Fuji BLNAG guides feature an Alconite ring and black stainless
steel frame. Alconite is a special form of ceramic that offers strength, light weight, and
durability. Alconite has 80% greater compression resistance and is 20% lighter than
aluminum oxide. Fuji’s diamond polishing give alconite a smoother finish than Hardloy.
When alconite is combined with Fuji’s New Concept lightweight frame, it results in a guide
up to 35% lighter and up to 50% stronger than ordinary guides.

Rod Tip:
The tip top guide is Snake Brand’s Black Nickel model.

Folding Hook Keeper:
The small hook keeper is Fuji’s folding hook keeper designed to prevent damage to dry
fly hackles and fold out of the way while you’re fishing.

Cloth Rod Sack:
Four Component Cloth Rod Sack by Landmark Component Company

Aluminum Rod Tube:
Sierra Black Aluminum Rod Tube with Gold Anodized Ends and Perfect Fly Logo by
Landmark Component Company, Loveland, Colorado.

Copyright James Marsh 2013

You see it all the time. A new “series” of fly rods, ranging from a 3 weight to a 9 weight. Okay,
but what does a 3 weight fly rod have in common with a 9 weight fly rod? The answer is “very
little”.

They could use the same brand of guides but I would hope they would be different sizes.
They could each have cork handles, but again, I would hope they would be different sizes.
They could use the same brand of reel seat but again, I would hope there would be size
differences. They could use the same taper but how could a 9 weight fly rod and a 3
weight fly rod with the same taper both cast well?

The lengths of the fly rods vary, so that wouldn’t be similar. The ferrules could be the same
type but again, they would have to be different sizes. The action could be called the same,
but would that really be true if they were different sizes and lengths? Remember, there isn’t
any criteria that is standard for the action of a rod. It is easy to say they have the same action
but would it necessarily be a fact?

We’ve got it. They could be the same color. That is it! They are the same color! That’s what
makes a “series” of fly rods.


Are all of the fly rods in a series of fly rods designed and built to perform equally or the
same?

No, that’s impossible. Each individual rod of any given length, weight classification, number of
sections, etc., would have to be individually designed and manufactured differently in order
for them to perform a well as possible. Not all the rods in a series of fly rods perform as well
as they could if they were individually designed and built. We have found that when you
determine the best performing fly rod in a series of fly rods, you won’t usually find another
one that equals its performance. Most of the rods fail to come up to the performance of the
best rod in the series.


That said, then why do manufacturers come out with series of fly rods instead of just a
new fly rod?

Like most any product, much of the fly rod manufacturers cost is marketing their new product.
New art work has to be done. New ads have to be developed for magazines. New pages have
to be created for their websites. Pricing and other information has to be sent out to all the
dealers. Press releases have to be sent out to the media. In most cases, 4 color brochures
have to be designed and printed.

When this can all be done for a “series” of fly rods, the cost per rod goes down drastically. It’s
much more economical to advertise a “series” of several different fly rods than a single fly rod.


That said, then why didn’t “Perfect Fly” come out with a series of fly rods instead of one
fly rod?

The answer is one simple but very important reason. We put performance and quality before
savings in our marketing cost. We wanted every rod we manufacturer to be individually
designed to perform at its best.

Copyright James Marsh 2013

The fly rod is the angler’s primary tool. Other than the fly, it’s the most important part of your
fly fishing outfit. To become a master at fly fishing, it’s essential that you maximize your
performance casting and presenting the fly. Other than your own skills and ability, the fly rod
plays the most important role in accomplishing that.

There are three things the rod must do well in order to be a good fly rod. It must cast, set the
hook and fight the fish. At the same time, it should do each of these three things in a manner
that provides the highest degree of pleasure to the angler.

Fly Rod Size (Line Weight Size)
Some anglers think the size of the fly rod should be determined solely by the size of the fish
you plan on catching. While it’s generally true that both the weight of a fly line and size of the
fly rod should be proportionate to the size of the fish you’re after, more importantly, it must be
able to cast the size and type of flies you need to use to catch the fish you are after. If you
are fishing for small fish, the best fly line size is most likely the one that allows you to present
small flies accurately. If you are after large fish, you may need a heavier fly line to turn over
larger flies on long cast, even in windy conditions. Once you determine the species and size
of fish you want to be able to catch, you should determine the size and type of flies you need
to use. When that’s done, the next step should be to choose the size of fly line that best
presents those flies. Finally, you should choose the rod that best cast that particular size fly
line.

To summarize, the size of the rod is determined by the size of the line that’s required to
properly cast the correct size of the fly necessary for the fish you pursue.  

By the way, the most versatile fly line for freshwater fishing is a five weight. It will cast a large
variety of flies that are commonly used for the majority of the species of freshwater fish.
That’s why we chose to manufacturer five weight rods prior to other sizes.

Fly Rod Length
The type of fishing and the type of water determines the best fly rod length. In the case of
small streams, anglers tend to disagree. Many contend that since small streams usually
means tighter casting situations shorter fly rods are better. Others will quickly tell you that a
long rod can offer some big advantages on a small stream. It will reach farther, control the
line better and make better roll cast. The shorter rods are more manageable, but they won’t
perform as well, even in small streams.

When it comes to fishing big Western rivers or saltwater, there isn’t much question about the
length. You need a longer rod. It will increase your casting distance. Steelhead and salmon
anglers prefer longer rods where roll cast and large mends are easier to make.

The best all around fly rod length for the great majority of fly fishing needs is nine-foot. It’s
not only the most popular selling length of fly rods, it’s the most versatile length. Generally
speaking, a nine-foot rod is ideal for the vast majority of fishing situations.

Fly Rod Action
The action of a fly rod is determined by where the rod flexes. A “slow action” rod flexes near
the butt of the fly rod. A fast action rod flexes near the tip. A “medium action” rod flexes  
somewhere in between the fast and the slow action rods, usually near the middle of the fly
rod. There isn’t any set standard manufacturers use.

The action of a fly rod determines how well the rod will generate line speed. Line speed
determines how quick the loop travels away from the rod tip. A fast action rod requires less
effort to cast farther than a medium or slow action rod. It also cast more accurately.  

Many think beginners should start out with a lower priced fly rod. That’s can be a big mistake.
There isn’t any sense in anyone learning to cast a poor performing rod. Some anglers will tell
you that you should start with a slow action where you can feel the line better; however, in
most cases it’s much easier for a beginner to cast farther and more accurately with a fast
action fly rod.

Number of Fly Rod Sections
If it was convenient to carry around and stow a one piece fly rod, rods wouldn’t need to come
in sections. Two piece fly rods are convenient to carry around in most large vehicles but are
not so easy to carry on long hikes or on the airlines. We chose to make our first fly rods in
four pieces simply because they would work well under any of these conditions. It cost a little
more to make more sections and it takes a few more seconds to assemble, but you can use
the four piece fly rod anywhere you want to fish and however you need to travel to get there.

Copyright James Marsh 2013

When we formed the “Perfect Fly” Company, we did so with a business model that provided
for manufacturing everything the fly angler needs from head to toe, and from the butt of the fly
rod to the flies on the end of the tippet. We didn’t want our first fly rod to be something to just
get us started. Quite the opposite of that, we wanted it to be as good or better than any fly rod
being manufactured by anyone. We must admit that turned out to be a much bigger challenge
and far more involved than we originally contemplated, but we are positive the results turned
out to be worth all the time and effort it took. That’s why were are almost two years later than
first anticipated in coming out with the first fly rod.

You cannot produce a top of the line fly rod if you are overly concerned about the cost
of manufacturing it.

Cost is always a factor with just about anything, but if you are concerned about quality,the
cost of manufacturing the rod cannot be the main controlling factor. This is the exact problem
most fly rod manufacturers have. It’s also why they always come out with a “series” of fly rods
instead of just one fly rod that’s best for its intended purpose. We will explain this later.

We are concerned about the cost but not near as much as we are concerned about the
quality of our fly rods. We used this same philosophy with our flies and the slight increase in
cost and the resulting final price of some of our Perfect Flies has proven to be well worth it to
our customers. If we sold them through the normal rep, distributor, fly shop channels, and
didn’t offer them directly to the customer, they would be far more expensive. So would our fly
rods and other product.  

I guess you could call this re-defining the high-end fly rod market but it’s really just a matter of
taking advantage of the latest technology to produce the highest performing fly rod possible.

It was our intention from the beginning to make our flies, gear and equipment directly
available to the consumer.
Most fly rods and other fly fishing manufacturers products are sold through reps or factory
sales representatives. Much of the same product is handled through distributors. Both the
reps and distributors add to the final cost of the product because they both must make a
profit. After the manufacturer, rep, distributor and retailer (fly shop) all make a profit, it greatly
increases the final retail price the customer has to pay for a product.

We’re certainly not the first to sell fly fishing product directly to the consumer. Companies like
Orvis have been doing that for some time now but they still have to maintain a certain retail
price level to maintain their non-company owned Orvis dealers. Perfect Fly doesn’t have any
obligations to anyone other than our customers. We don’t have the expense of maintaining
retail outlet stores. We can sell product directly to the customer at the lowest possible
price.

Brick and Mortar Stores
“Mom and Pop” fly shops served their purpose well during the era customers had to go to the
shop to purchase their fly fishing gear. However, times have changed. In order to compete in
today’s market place, fly shops are increasingly having to rely on online sales.  The same
thing is true of the so called large “Box Stores”. They rely heavily on online sales. However,
the cost of the building space and the overhead cost of operating a brick and mortar store
adds greatly to the price of the fly fishing products they sell. Times are rapidly changing
and online stores provide the best deals.

Copyright James Marsh 2013

The size of a fly rod doesn’t mean its length. It refers to the weight of the fly line it is
designed to cast. Now, it’s true that some fly rods will cast more than one line size, some
as many as two or three; however, in those cases they will cast one certain line size
better than the others.

I have already emphasized that a fly rod should be designed and built to cast a fly line of
a certain weight range. This means that the length, taper, stiffness and flexibility of a fly
rod should be such that it cast a particular fly line size easily and efficiently. Generally
speaking, the shorter the cast, the more one could get by casting more than one line
weight.

As I have already said, wind will affect the cast and this is especially true when you are
using a rod that is not designed for the size line that you are attempting to cast. Fly rod
manufacturers usually mark their rods with the size line that the rod is made for on the
butt plate or butt section of he rod.

Some anglers prefer to use a larger fly line than the rod is designed to cast. This usually
is because they are not very good at casting but not always. If a rod is casting a fly line
on the heavy side, it does give the person casting the rod a different feeling when the rod
loads. Heavier fly lines are easier to feel but that doesn’t mean it is casting any better
than it would if it was using the right size fly line. Some rods need a heavier line than that
stated on the blank. In this case, it’s usually a very low quality rods whereas the
manufacturer either doesn’t really know or care. Manufacturers that make quality rods
usually have the right size lines listed for the rods.

There’s also a big difference in the way a one weight fly rod and a twelve weight fly rod
cast. Of course, the rod, reel and fly line is much heavier on the large fly rod sizes and
take a little more power to cast than rods intended to cast light fly lines.

Copyright James Marsh 2013

In the early days before the 1940’s, most fly rods were made of bamboo. There are those
who still use and prefer, I might add, bamboo rods this day in time. Fiberglass rods
gradually replaced the bamboo rods and to some extent, are still in use today, but more
modern day space age materials like graphite is the choice material of the new
millennium.

Graphite is lighter and stronger than fiberglass and in larger, longer rods, this fact makes
the big difference that leads anglers to prefer graphite over fiberglass some years ago.
Graphite fly rods really excel when they are used to cast heavy lines long distances. The
elasticity, or the measure of the ability of the rod to return to a normal straight position
from a bent or curved position, is greater than that of bamboo or fiberglass.

You will hear the term “modulus” used in connection with graphite rods. Modulus refers to
the stiffness to weight ratio of the graphite fibers that run the length of the rod. Some
believe that the higher the modulus the better the rod. This is not necessarily true. The
performance of a rod is affected by fiber strength, resin toughness, the amount of fiber
used, amount of resin used and scrim as well as the modulus of the graphite. There are
other things to be considered in addition to the modulus number. There’s much more to
the quality of a rod than the modulus. Exactly how the graphite fiber materials are wound
around the mandrel when the blanks are manufactured is a big factor. Certain
construction methods result in stronger and lighter fly rod blanks.

There are other materials used in the construction of fly rods by some manufacturers,
such as boron and titanium. Both of these materials are sometimes used in conjunction
with graphite. Recently, some rod manufacturers have returned to using fiberglass for
certain types of rods.

No one knows what future innovations will bring as fly rod manufacturers continue to
produce rods made from other types of materials. As of this date in time, however, it’s
arguable as to whether or not, materials such as boron or titanium are of added valve or
superior to the standard graphite rod.

Copyright James Marsh 2013